Sub-Saharan Africa

Fertility impact of social transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa - What about pensions

Upphovsperson:	Holmqvist, Göran
Utgivare:	Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Globalization, Trade and Regional Integration | Manchester : Brooks World Poverty Institute
År:	2010
Ämnesord:	social protection, social transfers, fertility, old age pension, Sub-Saharan Africa, economics, Nationalekonomi

The potential link between child-related cash transfers and increased fertility is often raised asan issue of concern when debating their use. Old-age pension is a form of cash transfer wheretheory would suggest the opposite impact, i.e. pensions equal decreasing fertility. A handful ofSub-Saharan African countries have introduced non-contributory social pensions that cover thegreat majority of the older population. It makes them into a distinct group in relation to the rest ofthe region where public old-age security arrangements, if existing at all, are largely reserved forthe formal sector. This paper attempts to trace any impact these high-coverage pensionschemes may have had on fertility. Findings suggest that there has been such an impact, in therange of 0,5 to 1,5 children less per woman depending on model specification.

Urban environmental health and hygiene in sub-Saharan Africa

Upphovspersoner:	Nordberg, Erik | Winblad, Uno
Utgivare:	Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År:	1994
Ämnesord:	Water supply, Sanitation, Hygiene, Health services, Toilets, Urban areas, Aid programmes, Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP

A study of environmental hygiene problems in urban low-income areas in Africa. Urban shantytowns with extreme crowding, poor housing and unsanitary environmental conditions are growing problems. The authors mean that development assistance organizations must pay attention to these problems in urban areas, where in a few decades about half of the people in most developing areas will reside.