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Tanzania in transition : From Nyerere to Mkapa

Medarbetare: Havnevik, Kjell | Isinika, Aida C.
Utgivare: Dar es Salaam ; Uppsala : Mkuki na Nyota Publishers ; Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2010
Ämnesord: Tanzania, Heads of state, Benjamin W. Mkapa, Julius Nyerere, Political leadership, Governance, Political ideologies, Development models, Development strategy, Political transition, Economic conditions, Social change., Political science, Statsvetenskap
This book is the first comprehensive contribution to understanding the character of important societal transitions in Tanzania during Benjamin Mkapa's presidency (1995 - 2005). The analyses of the trajectory of these transitions are conducted against the background of the development model of Tanzanian's first president, Julius Nyerere (1961 - 1985), a model with lasting influence on the country. This approach enables an understanding of continuities and discontinuities in Tanzania over time in areas such as development strategy an ideology, agrarian-land, gender and forestry issues, economic liberalization, development assistance, corruption and political change. The period of Mkapa's presidency is particularly important because it represents the first phase of Tanzania's multi-party political system. Mkapa's government initially faced a gloomy economic situation. Although Mkapa's crusade against corruption lost direction, his presidency was characterised by relatively high growth rates and a stable macro-economy. Rural and agrarian transitions were dominated by diversification rather than productivity growth and transformation. Rural attitudes in favour of land markets emerged only slowly but formal land disputes showed more respect for women's rights. Some space emerged for widening local participation in forest management, but rural dynamics was mainly found in trading settlements feeding on economic liberalization and artisanal mining. The transitions documented and analysed of Mkapa's presidency, however, indicate only limited transformational change. Rural poverty is therefore likely to remain deep and the sustainability of economic development to be at risk in the future. Mkapa was, however, able to protect the legacy of peace and political stability of Nyerere, but there were nevertheless important challenges to the first multiparty elections and governance, and particularly in Zanzibar. The post- script (covering 2005 2010), indicates that the incumbent president, Jakaya Kikwete, has yet to prove that he can change this legacy of Mkapa. The contributions to the eleven chapters of this book are evenly shared between Tanzanian, Nordic and other European researchers with a long-term commitment to Tanzanian development research. The book is dedicated to the youth of Tanzania. 

Beyond Drops Water: Four Imperatives to Cooperation in the Nile Basin : Claude Ake Memorial Lecture 2010

Upphovsperson: Yacob, Arsano
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2010
Ämnesord: Nile river, Water resources, Regional cooperation, International relations, Environmental security, Peaceful coexistence, Video recordings, Political science, Statsvetenskap
The Nile basin is one of the oldest places on earth to which renowned civilizations, polities, kingdoms and empires are attributed. The Nile is the world’s longest river whose basin covers some 3.3 million sq. km and shared by ten countries. Whether in the upstream or downstream the countries and communities are permanently bound together, and their millions owe to it the present livelihood and future prosperity. On the contrary, the Nile Basin lacks a cooperative mechanism and perennially stuck in the lingering tension over apportionment of the waters. It is about time now for the Nile basin countries to work towards a viable cooperation beyond drops of water. A mutually acceptable cooperative engagement among the riparian nations is condition-sine-qua-non for enhancing development in each country and achieving the much desired peace and mutual security in the basin. The 2010 Claude Ake Memorial Lecture will, therefore, focus on the economic, environmental, security and institutional imperatives for cooperation and peace building in the Nile Basin. Dr. Yacob Arsano is Associate Professor of Political Science & International Relations at Addis Ababa University.

Land reform under structural adjustment in Zimbabwe : land use change in the Mashonaland provinces

Upphovsperson: Moyo, Sam
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2000
Ämnesord: Mashonaland, Zimbabwe, Southern Africa, Land policy, Land reform, Land use, Structural adjustment, Political science, Statsvetenskap
This report examines the role of economic liberalisation in the reconstruction of the political economy of Zimbabwe's land question. Since the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) was introduced in 1990, the universe of policies surrounding and influencing the nature and scale of land reform has been changing in tandem with changing and varied supply responses to ESAP-related policy incentives within Zimbabwe's bi-modal agrarian structure. These responses are manifested in emerging new land use patterns and production processes oriented towards global markets. The growth of new export oriented land uses are a key determinant of the changing land question through their salient influence on transforming the structural and technological parameters of land use and the exchange values of land, and, therefore, of land ownership. Unequal benefits from ESAP reforms, especially from new land uses, however, fuel the struggle for more land redistribution. Thus a major result of these land use shifts is the changing organisation of the politics of landholders and land seekers, especially in their relations to the state, reflecting renewed struggle among various constituencies for historical and normative land rights against those seeking to preserve existing land rights in the context of an increasingly market-based land policy framework. A case study approach focusing on horticulture, wildlife and ostrich land uses, their economic features and impacts, and their socio-political ramifications was pursued between 1995 and 1997. Detailed case data and experiences were garnered from Zimbabwe's Mashonaland provinces and numerous secondary sources from the macro to the farmer and household level. The study assesses the direction and scale of these new rural land uses in Zimbabwe's prime lands with particular emphasis on the 1990-1996 period. It traces the new forms of land use in relation to emerging land bidding and ownership structures/ social relations of production among large scale and small farmers, private agrarian market agents, and the state itself. The emergence of new forms of rural land and commodity markets, new trends in socio-political organisation and policy advocacy among farmers' groups and other interest groups, as well as the changing relationship of government agencies to the control and use of land and commodity production, were the main social processes and relations examined.

Colapso e reconstrução política na Guiné-Bissau 1998-2000 : um estudo de democratização difícil

Upphovsperson: Rudebeck, Lars
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2001
Ämnesord: Democratization, political development, history, elections, political parties, Guinea-Bissau, Political science, Statsvetenskap
In this study of recent developments in Guinea Bissau. Lars Rudebeck seeks to investigate how democratic rule emerges and functions in real life. His analysis extends far beyond the multi-party system and election procedures as he discusses contrasts in people's perceptions of democracy. He assesses their access to influential structures, the roles of civil and political society, of the military, and of international assistance and argues that complex power structures need to be addressed if democracy is to be consolidated.

The elusive prince of Denmark : structural adjustment and the crisis of governance in Africa

Upphovsperson: Olukoshi, Adebayo O.
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 1998
Ämnesord: Africa, Structural adjustment, Democracy, Governance, Aid policy, Economic conditions, Political science, Statsvetenskap
There has recently emerged a growing concern among scholars and policy makers to elaborate a connection between structural adjustment and governance in the Third World, due to a desire for market-driven economic reform in the adjusting countries. The governance is presented as the missing link for these economic reforms. This report challenges the intellectual premises of the governance project of the Bretton Woods twins in Africa. It argues that in the way in which it has been articulated, the World Bank/IMF governance reform agenda can hardly be expected to lay an enduring basis for a system of democratic governance in Africa. Nor can it be expected to create a framework for non-repressive economic reforms.

La France dans l'Afrique de l'après-guerre froide : interventions et justifications

Upphovsperson: Österdahl, Inger
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 1997
Ämnesord: France, Gabon, Rwanda, Zaire, Central Africa, Togo, West Africa, Foreign intervention, Foreign relations, Legal aspects, Political science, Statsvetenskap
Ce rapport analyse les interventions militaires de la France en Afrique et le principe de non-intervention en droit international. L'analyse se limite à la première moitié des années 1990 et aux cas du Gabon, Togo, Zaïre et Rwanda.

Out of conflict : from war to peace in Africa

Medarbetare: Sørbø, Gunnar M. | Vale, Peter C. J.
Utgivare: Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; Chr. Michelsen Institute ;
År: 1997
Ämnesord: Africa, Conflicts, Peace keeping, Mediation, OAU, Organization of African Unity, Political science, Statsvetenskap
Africa has become enveloped in an image of disaster and strife. The history of conflict management, likewise, is largely the history of failure. This book identifies lessons to be learnt from conflict management in Liberia, Rwanda, Somalia, and others. It underlines the importance of a thorough understanding of the causes and dynamics of a conflict in order to find appropriate strategies of intervention.

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