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SOCIAL SCIENCES

Afrikabild för partnerskap? : Afrika i de svenska skolböckerna

Upphovsperson: Palmberg, Mai
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Cultural Images and Expressions | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2000
Ämnesord: Africa, South Africa, Southern Africa, Sweden, History, Culture, Textbooks, development education, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Sverige har initierat ett nytt kapitel i sina relationer med Afrika under benämningen "partnerskap". Mot den bakgrunden har författaren till denna studie granskat hur Afrika framställs i 62 aktuella högstadieböcker i SO-ämnen. Skolböckerna har en stor betydelse som formare av vår världsbild och som återspeglare av tidsandan, men undgår vanligtvis all kritisk granskning. Denna bok ger både ris och ros. Den varnar för generaliseringar och föreslår kompletterande material som kan ge en mer intressant och levande Afrikabild.

Pengar i handen : sociala trygghetssystem som metod för att bekämpa fattigdom och hunger

Medarbetare: Axelsson Nycander, Gunnel
Utgivare: Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; Svenska Kyrkans Internationella Arbete
År: 2011
Ämnesord: Social välfärd, Fattigdom, Matbrist, Hunger, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Pengar i handen – barnbidrag, pensioner och andra kontanta stöd – minskar fattigdom och hunger effektivt. Det visar erfarenheter från en rad utvecklingsländer. Även små bidrag gör att människor kan äta mer och bättre, blir friskare och kan låta sina barn gå i skolan. Sveriges historia visar att sociala trygghetssystem krävs för att ge alla en dräglig levnadsnivå och en stabil samhällsutveckling. Ändå har det svenska biståndet inte stöttat utvecklingen av sådana system i fattiga länder. I denna antologi diskuterar 12 författare vilken roll sociala trygghetssystem kan spela i kampen mot hunger och fattigdom, och hur olika aktörer kan bidra.

Urban governance and spatial inequality in service delivery: a case study of solid waste management in Abuja, Nigeria

Upphovsperson: Adama, Onyanta
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Urban Dynamics |
År: 2012
Ämnesord: Urban governance, spatial inequality, State, Privatization, solid waste management, Abuja, Nigeria, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Spatial inequality in service delivery is a common feature in African cities. Several factors account for the phenomenon but there is growing attention towards urban governance and the role of the state. Urban governance policies such as privatization serve as key strategies through which the state regulates and (re)produces spatial inequality in service delivery. This study examined how governance practices related to privatization and the regulatory role of the state reinforce spatial inequalities in the delivery of solid waste services in Abuja, Nigeria. It focused primarily on the issue of cost recovery. Privatization became a major focus in Abuja in 2003 when the government launched a pilot scheme. Although it has brought improvements in service delivery, privatization has also increased the gap in the quality of services delivered in different parts of the city. Drawing on empirical data, the study revealed that little sensitivity to income and affordability, and to income differentials between neighbourhoods in the fixing of user charges and in the choice of the billing method is contributing to spatial inequalities in service delivery. Furthermore, the study suggests that these practices are linked to a broader issue, a failure of the government to see the people as partners. It therefore calls for more inclusive governance especially in decision-making processes. The study also emphasizes the need for a policy document on solid waste management, as this would encourage a critical assessment of vital issues including how privatization is to be funded, especially inlow-income areas.

Zimbabwe's fast-track land reform

Upphovsperson: Matondi, Prosper B.
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Agrarian Change, Property and Resources | London, England : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; Zed Books
År: 2012
Ämnesord: Africa, Africa Now, Agriculture, development, International relations, politics, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
The Fast-Track Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe has emerged as a highly contested reform process both nationally and internationally. The image of it has all too often been that of the widespread displacement and subsequent replacement of various people, agricultural-related production systems, facets and processes. The reality, however, is altogether more complex. Providing new, in-depth and much-needed empirical research, and based on a broader geographical scope than any previous study carried out on the subject, Zimbabwe’s Fast-Track Land Reform examines how processes such as land acquisition, allocation, transitional production outcomes, social life, gender and tenure, have influenced and been influenced by the forces driving the programme. It also explores the ways in which the land-reform programme has created a new agrarian structure based on small- to medium-scale farmers. In attempting to resolve the problematic issues the reforms have raised, the authors argue that it is this new agrarian formation which provides the greatest scope for improving Zimbabwe’s agriculture and development. A landmark work on a subject of considerable controversy.

Urban youth and post-conflict Africa : On policy priorities

Upphovsperson: Utas, Mats
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Conflict, Displacement and Transformation | Uppsala, Sweden
År: 2012
Ämnesord: SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Youth in urban areas of post-war African countries lead lives that are not very different from non-post-war societies. In fact it is often hard to separate battle-hardened ex-combatants from street-hardened urban youth in general. In this context, youth is a social category of people living in volatile and dire life conditions rather than a group defined by age. It is people who are no longer children, but who have yet to become social adults, people who have been marginalized into what they see as a chronic state of youthhood. It is the number of social youth, not the number of an age-categorized “youth bulge”, that poses a danger for stability in many African countries. This way of defining youth demands special efforts and raises special concerns when international donor communities create and implement youth-specific projects in post-conflict areas. Related to that, this policy note reflects on number of issues that will help improve the results of such projects through knowing and using existing social structures, including gender relations, the problems of social elites and the advantages of utilizing already existing systems of labor training.

Governing the poor in Harare, Zimbabwe : shifting perceptions and changing responses

Upphovsperson: Kamete, Amin Y.
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2002
Ämnesord: Urban population, poverty, Urban policy, Governance, elections, Zimbabwe, Harare, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
This is a study of the 'terrain of urban governance', using areas of Zimbabwe's biggest city Harare as case studies. It presents and discusses sets of perceptions of poverty and the poor which influence policy development and decision making among urban 'governors'. Kamete shows the effects of positive as well as negative perceptions of the poor. He also problematises more conventional understandings of poverty and includes into his own conceptual understanding dimensions of deficient access to participation and citizenship. He shows that the relationship between power and powerlessness among the poor is much more complex than is sometimes assumed. The urban poor in Harare - since the emergence of significant political opposition in Zimbabwe in the late 1990s - have become both an important and volatile instrument to be wooed and paid by populist politicians. At the same time - in their patterns of voting - they have been a mainstay of support for opposition to the ZANU-PF government at both local and central level.

Ideology as a determinant of economic systems : Nyerere and ujamaa in Tanzania

Upphovspersoner: Hedlund, Stefan | Lundahl, Mats
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 1989
Ämnesord: Tanzania, East Africa, Ideologies, Socialism, Economic systems, Ujamaa, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Incentives are not always of an economic kind, Stefan Hedlund and Mats Lundahl stress in this study of the role of ideology in Tanzanian development. The first part of the study offers a general discussion of the relation of goals, incentives and ideology in the economic systems context. the role of incentives in economic systems is presented. a classification of systems according to their goal structure is made. Ideology as a system determinant and the connection between ideology and incentives are discussed. The second part deals with the emergence of Nyerere's concept of African socialism and how this ideology influenced the incentive structure in the Tanzanian economy after the Arusha Declaration in 1967. The third and final part discusses the practical problems of implementing the economic strategy dictated by the socialist ideology in connection with the ujamaa drive and the subsequent villagization program.

Albert Luthuli and Dag Hammarskjöld - Leaders and Visionaries

Medarbetare: Sellström, Tor
Utgivare: Uppsala, Sweden : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation; The Luthuli Museum
År: 2012
Ämnesord: national liberation movements, Political leadership, anti-apartheid activists, Human rights, democracy, International relations, UN, Nobel prizes, South Africa, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Two symposia in Uppsala and Oslo during November 2011 marked the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Chief Albert Luthuli and Dag Hammarskjöld at the same ceremony for 1960 and (posthumously) 1961, respectively. The deliberations, which involved close family members of the late Chief Luthuli, commemorated and honoured two outstanding leaders of the 20th century. While they never met personally, they shared principle values and ethics rooted in a firm belief in the equality of people, humanrights, justice and peace at a time of decolonization and apartheid. This booklet compiles a summary of the various presentations in Uppsala and Oslo, which paid respect to the two role models in their relevance also for today. It is published during the year, in which the two Uppsala based institutions celebrate their 50th anniversary.

Gender, agency, and embodiment theories in relation to space

Upphovsperson: Malmström, Maria Frederika
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet | Cairo : Centre d'Études et de Documentation Économiques, Juridiques et Sociales
År: 2011
Ämnesord: gender, agency, urban space, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Why (and how) is it important to query into the particular lived experiences and ‘embodied agency’ of women if we want to study urban spaces through the lens of gender? The paper discusses this overarching question in relation to recent dynamic and generative theories of gender, embodiment and agency. This theoretical approach is relevant since it is possible to analyse the singularity of lived experience, not only as a form of social interaction, but as linked to social structures and discourses, which implies negotiations of tensions, conflicts, and uncertainties. Such an approach is particularly fruitful because it makes it possible to analyse agents within a context of social, cultural and political change. It also means the possibility to grasp women’s narratives and body language as they engage in acts of resistance, as well as the marking of body and space. The actions of ‘the secret self’ among younger generations, for example, give increased space and have manipulative potential as long as these ‘morally forbidden’ and dishonourable acts are not brought out into the public sphere. The need to understand agency as the capacity to act according to the exigencies of the specific socio-cultural context forms the main premise of this paper; where each context comprises the complex interaction between the local and a variety of wider global forces.

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