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Tanzania

Biofuels, Land Grabbing and Food Security in Africa

Medarbetare: Havnevik, Kjell | Matondi, Prosper B. | Beyene, Atakilte
Utgivare: London : Zed Books/Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2011
Ämnesord: Biomass energy, Fuels, Energy resources, Food supply, Food security, Land tenure, Property rights. Africa, Tanzania, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Energy crisis and climate change have generated global demands for alternative non-fossil fuel sources. This has led to a rapid increase of investments in production of liquid biofuels based on agricultural feed stocks such as sugar cane. Most African governments see biofuels as a potential for increasing agricultural productivity and export incomes and thus strengthening their national economies, improving energy balances and rural employment. At the same time climate change may be addressed through reduction of green house gas emissions. There are, however, a number of uncertainties mounting that challenge this scenario. Using in-depth African case studies this book addresses this knowledge gap by examining the impacts of large-scale biofuel production on African agriculture in regard to vital land outsourcing and food security issues. The surge for African biofuels has also opened space for private investors both domestic and external to multiply and network 'independently' of the state. The biofuel expansion thus generates new economic alliances and production relations, resulting in new forms of inclusions and exclusions within the rural population. An essential book for anyone wishing to understand the startling impact of biofuels and land outsourcing on Africa.

The Agrarian Question in Tanzania? : A State of the Art Paper

Upphovspersoner: Maghimbi, Sam | Lokina, Razack B. | Senga, Mathew A.
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Globalization, Trade and Regional Integration | Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; University of Dar Es Salaam
År: 2011
Ämnesord: Agrarian policy, Agrarian structure, Peasantry, Agricultural population, Land tenure, State, Agrarian reform, Land reform, Rural development, Economic and social development, Tanzania, Political science, Statsvetenskap
The Mwalimu Nyerere Professorial Chair in Pan-African Studies was established at the University of Dar es Salaam in 2008. The main objective of the chair is to reinvigorate intellectual debate on the campus and stimulate basic research on burning issues facing the country and the continent from a pan-African perspective. This is the first state of the art paper published by the chair. The Agrarian Question in Tanzania. There are about four million peasant families in Tanzania. They farm on the smallest scale, the average farm being two acres in size. The principal agricultural equipmentis the hand hoe. Since the onset of the colonial era, those in authority have pursued policies to dominate the peasantry. It is argued that the small scale of operations has contributed to the widespread poverty among farmers. There is still good agricultural land that is not farmed, but the current land tenure of peasants reproduces itself on new farmland. The conclusion is that in order to accelerate agricultural development, land tenure must be institutionalized.

The making of a periphery : economic development and cultural encounters in southern Tanzania

Medarbetare: Seppälä, Pekka | Koda, Bertha
Utgivare: Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 1998
Ämnesord: Tanzania, East Africa, Rural development, Political participation, Informal sector, Land tenure, Poverty, Survival strategies, Makonde, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
What makes a periphery? The southeastern corner of Tanzania is officially one of the poorest corners of the world and is always presented as a peripheral area. This volume presents a lively discussion on the making of a periphery. The contributors show the interaction between the perceptions of outsiders, the views of local people, and the actual development efforts. The authors perceive development as a negotiated and contested field. Culture is not considered a factor constraining development but is seen rather as an engine which, due to the plurarlity of local and outsider cultures, sets the parameters for the battle. The volume include chapters on the major local economic sectors, social development, and cultural debates. In each chapter, the making of periphery is addressed from a different perspective.

Eroding local capacity : international humanitarian action in Africa

Medarbetare: Juma, Monica Kathina | Suhrke, Astri
Utgivare: Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2002
Ämnesord: Humanitarian assistance, Emergency relief, Capacity building, Local planning, Regional cooperation, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
Eroding Local Capacity is a critical examination of the interplay between international and local actors operating in the humanitarian arena in Africa. All sides emphasise the need to build local capacity for humanitarian action, yet the results have not been substantial. Even long-term, semi-permanent emergencies have generated little local capacity to assist and protect the victims of violence, displacement and related deprivations. In some cases, whatever local capacity did exist has been overwhelmed by the international aid presence. Why is this so? What is the case for a more even division of labour between North and South in this area, and why is it so difficult to bring about? The book focuses on cases from East Africa and the Horn. It considers institutional capacity in the public and private sector, as well as legal and social norms of humanitarian action. The authors are African and Nordic scholars who worked together on the NORAD-supported project over a 3-year period. Preliminary conclusions were discussed at seminars organized by the Centre for Foreign Relations (Dar es Salaam), the School of Government at the University of the Western Cape (Cape Town), and the Chr. Michelsen Institute (Bergen).

Tanzania in transition : From Nyerere to Mkapa

Medarbetare: Havnevik, Kjell | Isinika, Aida C.
Utgivare: Dar es Salaam ; Uppsala : Mkuki na Nyota Publishers ; Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2010
Ämnesord: Tanzania, Heads of state, Benjamin W. Mkapa, Julius Nyerere, Political leadership, Governance, Political ideologies, Development models, Development strategy, Political transition, Economic conditions, Social change., Political science, Statsvetenskap
This book is the first comprehensive contribution to understanding the character of important societal transitions in Tanzania during Benjamin Mkapa's presidency (1995 - 2005). The analyses of the trajectory of these transitions are conducted against the background of the development model of Tanzanian's first president, Julius Nyerere (1961 - 1985), a model with lasting influence on the country. This approach enables an understanding of continuities and discontinuities in Tanzania over time in areas such as development strategy an ideology, agrarian-land, gender and forestry issues, economic liberalization, development assistance, corruption and political change. The period of Mkapa's presidency is particularly important because it represents the first phase of Tanzania's multi-party political system. Mkapa's government initially faced a gloomy economic situation. Although Mkapa's crusade against corruption lost direction, his presidency was characterised by relatively high growth rates and a stable macro-economy. Rural and agrarian transitions were dominated by diversification rather than productivity growth and transformation. Rural attitudes in favour of land markets emerged only slowly but formal land disputes showed more respect for women's rights. Some space emerged for widening local participation in forest management, but rural dynamics was mainly found in trading settlements feeding on economic liberalization and artisanal mining. The transitions documented and analysed of Mkapa's presidency, however, indicate only limited transformational change. Rural poverty is therefore likely to remain deep and the sustainability of economic development to be at risk in the future. Mkapa was, however, able to protect the legacy of peace and political stability of Nyerere, but there were nevertheless important challenges to the first multiparty elections and governance, and particularly in Zanzibar. The post- script (covering 2005 2010), indicates that the incumbent president, Jakaya Kikwete, has yet to prove that he can change this legacy of Mkapa. The contributions to the eleven chapters of this book are evenly shared between Tanzanian, Nordic and other European researchers with a long-term commitment to Tanzanian development research. The book is dedicated to the youth of Tanzania. 

Playing with identities in contemporary music in Africa

Medarbetare: Palmberg, Mai | Kirkegaard, Annemette
Utgivare: Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet ; Sibelius Museum; Dept. of Musicology, Åbo Academy University
År: 2002
Ämnesord: cultural identity, music, popular culture, South Africa, Uganda, Cape Verde, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Ivory Coast, Senegal, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
The musics of Africa play a particularly important role in expressing and forming identities. This book brings together African and Nordic scholars from both musicology and other disciplines in an attempt to analyse various aspects of the complex playing with volatile identities in music in Africa today. Taken together the papers put new light on the assumed or real dichotomies between countryside and city, collective and individual, tradition and modernity, authentic and alien. The papers are based on contributions for a conference organised by the research project "Cultural Images in and of Africa" of the Nordic Africa Institute together with the Sibelius Museum/Department of Musicology and the Centre for Continuing Education at Åbo Akademi University in Åbo (Turku), Finland in Oct. 2000. The book includes a keynote speech by Christopher Waterman (UCLA), and an introduction by Annemette Kirkegaard, Copenhagen University. Both Southern, West and East Africa are represented in the studies, which cover a great variety of musics.

Chelewa, chelewa : the dilemma of teenage girls

Medarbetare: Liljeström, Rita | Tumbo-Masabo, Zubeida
Utgivare: Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 1994
Ämnesord: Tanzania, East Africa, Adolescents, Youth, Education of women, Women's role, Marriage, Pregnancy, Abortion, Sexual behaviour, Rites of passage, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP
In the past, the transition from childhood to womanhood was immediate and direct, and menarche was a sign of initiation and readiness to marry. Nowadays girls find themselves trapped between customary expectations and the claims of modernization. This book by the Teenage Girls and Reproductive Health Study Group at the University of Dar es Salaam presents empirical studies of the situation of teenage girls in Tanzania.

Understanding poverty in Africa? : A navigation through disputed concepts, data and terrains

Upphovsperson: Hårsmar, Mats
Utgivare: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Globalization, Trade and Regional Integration | Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
År: 2010
Ämnesord: Economic conditions, poverty, Agricultural development, Poverty alleviation, Development research, Development theory, case studies, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Africa South of Sahara, Business and economics, Ekonomi
In any international comparison, sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the most pervasive poverty. The study of African societies requires the study of numerous dynamics, processes and situations with links to poverty issues. Recent methodological innovations hold that research into poverty should be multidimensional, dynamic and cross-disciplinary. But how can such research be undertaken? This volume comprises two separate articles. The first provides an overview of major conceptual positions on poverty. With the focus on theoretical and methodological issues, it argues that the epistemological and normative elements have not been sufficiently emphasised in the attempts to bring different disciplinary approaches together. Such elements constitute fundamental dividing lines in the poverty debate. However, the article goes on to argue that the capability approach has promising potential for bridging these divides.The second article is an empirical study of recent poverty developments in Tanzania and Burkina Faso. Common to both countries – one in East and the other in West Africa – is that a largely subsistence agricultural sector dominates their economies. The article combines quantitative and qualitative methods to show that regional differences in the structures of agricultural production may in large part explain variations in poverty.

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